Associate Professor Michael Lawes

BSc (Hons), PhD

• Research Interests
• Current Projects
• Students
• Grants
• Publications
  • Papers
  • Book chapters

Research interests

Forest and woodland ecology and conservation

A core activity of the theme is researching savanna dynamics and use. My background is in forest ecology and management and research activities are in monsoon rainforest patches as well as savannas in the Top End. Research includes tree dynamics, faunal and floral diversity and conservation biology, biogeography and evolutionary history, sustainable use and management of resources. We aim to provide a balance between pure scientific research and applied studies to facilitate the wise management, use and conservation of savanna woodlands and the associated monsoon forest fragments. International collaborative research projects have been established in Uganda with Prof. Colin Chapman (McGill University, Montreal, Canada) and South Africa, as well as locally with Dr Stephane Boudreau (Laval University, Canada).

Behavioural ecology

Avian behavioural ecology, in particular brood parasitism and mate choice. Ongoing research areas are: (1) mating systems of the Euplectes (Bishops and Widowbirds); (2) the evolution of plumage colour in the Ploceids, particularly the development of carotenoids and their use as sexual signals in Euplectes; (3) brood parasitism and the coevolution of the Diederik cuckoo-bishop/weaver system; and (4) brood parasitism by metallic cuckoos in the Darwin region. Currently, we are investigating the ecology of mangrove bird communities around Darwin.

Primatology

Since 1986 I have been researching the sociobiology and ecology of the samango monkey (Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus), especially the costs of group living, female relationships and male mating strategies. More recent research also includes primate evolutionary history, macroecology and biogeography. International collaborative research projects have been established with Dr Mary Glenn (Humbolt State University), Prof. Colin Chapman (McGill University), Prof. Guy Cowlishaw (Institute of Zoology, London) and Prof. Peter Henzi (University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada).

Current projects

View potential PhD, MSc and Honours projects with Associate Professor Lawes.

Grants

ARC Linkage grants:

Identifying cost effective reforestation approaches for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration in the Australian wet tropics: Dr MM Mayfield with A/Prof CJ Bradshaw, A/Prof MJ Lawes, Dr DJ Chittleborough, Dr PD Erskine, Dr T Gardner, Dr MR Menendez Martinez.

CDU internal grants:

Regeneration dynamics of tropical vine-thicket forest: Mike Lawes with Don Franklin and Richard Gunton.

Students

Mohd Azlan Jayasilan A. Gulam Azad. (PhD). Co-supervisors: Dr Richard Noske, Prof Stephen Garnett, and Assoc Prof Corey Bradshaw.

The effects of long-term landscape modifications and the mosquito control programs around the Darwin region on volant vertebrates.

Mr Xavier Hoenner (PhD). Co-supervisors: Dr Clive McMahon, Dr Scott Whiting, Dr Colin Limpus.

The Nesting Ecology, Habitat Characteristics and Migration Patterns of Endangered Hawksbill Turtle.

Susan Jacups (PhD). Co-supervisors: Dr A. Cheng, Dr S. Ritchie

To investigate the health benefits gained through employment in land and sea management ventures.

Alice Leppitt (Honours) Co-supervisor: Dr D. Franklin
Vegetation succession and management of the Fogg Dam wetland

Michelle Watson. (PhD). Co-supervisors: Dr John Woinarski, Prof Barry Brook.

Integrated conservation and development projects: synergies and trade-offs between development and biodiversity conservation in the Lower Mekong countries

Publications

Peer-reviewed papers

Adie, H. and M. Lawes (2009). "Role reversal in the stand dynamics of an angiosperm-conifer forest: Colonising angiosperms precede a shade-tolerant conifer in Afrotemperate forest." Forest Ecology and Management 258(2): 159-168.

Andersen, A.N., Bradley, M., Cook, G.D., Eager, R., Lawes, M.J., Richards, A. & Schatz, J. (2008). Burning following tree fall causes local elimination of annual sorghum. Northern Territory Naturalist.

Kotze, D.J. & Lawes, M.J. (2008) The bioindicator potential of the dominant litter decomposer, Talitriator africana (Crustacea, Amphipoda), in Afrotemperate forests. Austral Ecology 33: 737-746.

Chapman, C.A., Kitajima, K., Zanne, A.E., Kaufman, L.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2008) A 10-year evaluation of the functional basis for regeneration habitat preference of trees in an African evergreen forest.  Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3790-3796.

Nzunda, E.F., Griffiths, M.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2008) Sprouting by remobilization of above-ground resources ensures persistence after disturbance of coastal dune forest trees. Functional Ecology 22: 577-582

Boudreau, S. & Lawes, M.J. (2008) Density-and distance-dependent seedling survival in a ballistically dispersed subtropical tree species Philenoptera sutherlandii. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24: 1-8

Lawes, M.J., Griffiths, M.E., Midgley, J.J., Boudreau, S., Eeley, H.A.C. & Chapman, C.A. (2008) Tree spacing and area of competitive influence do not scale with tree size in an African rain forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 19: 729-738

Nzunda, E.F., Griffiths, M.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2008) Resprouting enhances seedling persistence in a subtropical coastal dune forest. Journal of African Ecology 46: 32-38

Griffiths, M. E., Lawes, M. J. & Z. Tsvuura. (2007) Understorey gaps influence regeneration dynamics in subtropical coastal dune forest. Plant Ecology 189: 227-236.

Kotze, D.J. & M.J. Lawes. (2007) Viability of ecological processes in small Afromontane forest patches in South Africa. Austral Ecology 32: 294-304.

Brown, M. & Lawes, M.J. (2007) Colony size and nest density predict the likelihood of parasitism in the colonial Southern Red Bishop - Diderick Cuckoo system. Ibis 149: 321-327.

Tsvuura, Z., Griffiths, M.E. & M.J. Lawes. (2007) The effect of understorey herb cover on fruit predation and seedling survival in coastal dune forest trees. Biotropica 39:428-432.

Nzunda, E.F., Griffiths, M.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2007) Resprouting versus turning up of leaning trees in a subtropical coastal dune forest in South Africa. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 289-296.

Nzunda, E.F., Griffiths, M.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2007) Multi-stemmed trees in subtropical coastal dune forest: survival strategy in response to chronic disturbance. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 693-700.

Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H.A.C., Findlay, N.J. & Forbes, D. (2007) Robust and persistent forest faunal communities in South Africa: a legacy of paleoclimatic change and extinction filtering? Journal of Biogeography 34: 1246-1264.

Lawes, M.J., Griffiths, M.E. & Boudreau, S. (2007) Colonial logging and recent subsistence harvesting affect the composition and physiognomy of a podocarp dominated Afrotemperate forest. Forest Ecology and Management 247: 48-60.

Lawes, M.J., Joubert, R., Griffiths, M.E., Boudreau, S. & Chapman, C.A. (2007) The effect of the spatial scale of recruitment on tree diversity in Afromontane forest fragments. Biological Conservation 139: 447-456.

Lawes, M.J & C.A. Chapman. (2006) Does the herb understorey (Acanthus pubescens, Acanthaceae) and/or elephants suppress tree regeneration in disturbed Afrotropical forest? Forest Ecology and Management 221: 278-284.

Lawes, M.J., S. Fly & S.E. Piper (2006) Gamebird vulnerability to forest fragmentation: patch occupancy of the crested guineafowl (Guttera pucherani) in Afromontane forests. Animal Conservation 9: 67-74.

Griffiths, M.E. & M.J. Lawes (2006) Scarification and provenance effects on seedling emergence in Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae). African Journal of Ecology 44: 273-276.

Lawes, M.J., Midgley, J.J., Boudreau, S. & Griffiths, M.E. (2006) Lack of disturbance as an explanation for the additive basal area phenomenon in a stratified Afrotemperate forest. Austral Ecology 31: 471-477.

Chapman, C.A., Lawes, M.J. & H.A.C. Eeley. (2006) What hope for African primate diversity? African Journal of Ecology 44: 116-133.

Griffiths, M.E. & Lawes, M.J. (2006) Biogeographic, environmental, and phylogenetic influences on subtropical forest trees in South Africa. Ecography 29: 614-622.

Chapman, C.A., Wasserman, M.D., Gillespie T.R., Speirs, M.J., Lawes, M.J., Saj, T.L. & Ziegler, T.E. (2006) Do nutrition, parasitism, and stress have synergistic affects on red colobus populations living in forest fragments? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131: 525-534.

Lawes, M.J., Kotze, D.J., Bourquin, S.L. & Morris, C. (2005) Epigaeic invertebrates as potential ecological indicators of Afromontane forest condition in South Africa. Biotropica 37(1): 108-117.

Wethered, R. & Lawes, M.J. (2005) Nestedness of bird assemblages in fragmented Afromontane forest: the effect of plantation forestry in the matrix. Biological Conservation 123: 125-137.

Robertson, J. & Lawes, M.J. (2005) User perceptions of conservation and participatory management of iGxalingenwa forest, South Africa. Environmental Conservation 32(1): 64-75.

Boudreau, S. & M.J. Lawes. (2005) Small understorey gaps created by subsistence harvesters do not adversely affect the maintenance of tree diversity in a sub-tropical forest. Biological Conservation 126: 279- 286.

Lawes, M.J., B.C.C. Lamb & S. Boudreau (2005). Area but no edge effect on local woody seedling abundance and species richness in old Afromontane forest fragments. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 363-372.

Boudreau, S., Lawes, M.J., Piper, S.E. & L.J. Phadima. (2005) Subsistence harvesting of pole-size understorey species from Ongoye Forest Reserve, South Africa: species preference, harvest intensity and implications for understorey tree dynamics. Forest Ecology and Management 216: 149-165.

Cowlishaw, G., Lawes, M.J., Lightbody, M., Martin, A., Pettifor, R. & Rowcliffe, J.M. (2004) A simple rule for costs of vigilance: empirical evidence from a social forager. Proceedings of Royal Society, London, B 271: 27-33.

Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Naughton-Treves, L., Lawes, M. J. & McDowell, L. R. (2004) Predicting folivore abundances: Validation of a nutritional model. American Journal of Primatology. 62(2): 55-69.

Obiri, J.F. & Lawes, M.J. (2004) Chance versus determinism in canopy gap regeneration in coastal scarp forest in South Africa. Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 539-547.

Pryke, S.R. & Lawes, M.J. (2004) Female nest dispersion and breeding biology of the polygynous red-collared widowbirds (Euplectes ardens). Auk 121: 1226-1237.

Lawes, M.J., Macfarlane, D.M. & Eeley, H.A.C. (2004) Forest landscape pattern in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands, South Africa: 50 years of change or stasis? Austral Ecology 29: 613-623.

Payne, H.F.P., Lawes, M.J. & Henzi, S.P. (2003) Competition and the exchange of grooming among female samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus). Behaviour 140: 453-471.

Wethered, R. & Lawes, M.J. (2003) Matrix effects on bird assemblages in fragmented Afromontane forests in South Africa. Biological Conservation 114: 327-340.

Lawes, M.J. & Obiri, J.A.F. (2003) Canopy gaps in sub-tropical forest: size of the species pool and not the number of available niches limits species richness. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19: 549-556.

Chapman, C.A., Chapman, L.J. Vulinec, K. Zanne, A. & Lawes, M.J. (2003) Fragmentation and alteration to seed dispersal processes: An initial evaluation of dung beetles, seed fate, and seedling diversity. Biotropica 35: 382-393.

Lawes, M.J. & Obiri, J.A.F. (2003) Using the spatial grain of regeneration to select harvestable tree species in subtropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management 184: 105-114.

Payne, H.F.P., Lawes, M.J. & Henzi, S.P. (2003) Fatal attack on an adult female Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus: Implications for female dispersal in female-bonded societies. International Journal of Primatology 24: 1245-1250.

Lawes, M.J. & Marthews, T. (2003) When will rejection of parasite nestlings by hosts of nonevicting avian brood parasites be favored?: a misimprinting-equilibrium model. Behavioral Ecology 14(6): 757-770.

Obiri, J., Lawes, M. & Mukolwe, M. (2002) The dynamics and sustainable use of high-value tree species of the coastal Pondoland forests of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 166: 131-148.

Lawes, M.J., Slotow, R. & Andersson, S. (2002) Male nest building but not display behaviour directly influences mating success in the polygynous red bishop (Euplectes orix). Ostrich 73(3-4): 87-91.

Pryke, S.R., Andersson, S., Lawes, M.J. & Piper, S.E. (2002) Carotenoid status signalling in captive and wild red-collared widowbirds: independent effects of badge size and color. Behavioral Ecology 13: 622-631.

• Winner of the Pitelka prize 2004
• Best paper in Behavioral Ecology 2002-2003 awarded by International Society for Behavioral Ecology (award made to lead author)

Andersson, S., Pryke, S.R., Örnborg, J., Lawes, M.J., & Andersson, M. (2002) Multiple receivers, multiple ornaments and a trade-off between agonistic and epigamic signalling in a widowbird. American Naturalist 160: 683-691.

Obiri, J.F. & Lawes, M.J. (2002) Attitudes of coastal-forest users in Eastern Cape Province to management options arising from new South African forest policies. Environmental Conservation 29: 519-529.

Lawes, M.J. & Eeley, H.A.C. (2000) Are local patterns of anthropoid primate diversity related to patterns of diversity at a larger scale? Journal of Biogeography 27(6): 1421-1435.

Eeley, H.A.C., Lawes, M.J. & Reyers, B. (2001) Priority areas for the conservation of subtropical indigenous forest in southern Africa: A case study from KwaZulu-Natal. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 1221-1246.

Pryke, S.R., Andersson, S. & Lawes, M.J. (2001) Sexual selection of multiple handicaps in Red-collared Widowbirds: female choice of tail length but not carotenoid display. Evolution 57(7): 1452-1463.

Pryke, S.R., Lawes, M.J. & Andersson, S. (2001) Agonistic carotenoid signalling in male red-collared widowbirds aggression related to colour signal of both territory owner and model intruder. Animal Behaviour 62: 695-704.

Goddard K.W. & Lawes, M.J. (2000) The relationship between ornament size and symmetry: does the tail reliably signal male quality in the redcollared widow? Auk 117(2): 366-372.

Goddard K.W. & Lawes, M.J. (2000) Should polygynous birds have long symmetrical tails? Ostrich 71(3-4): 425-427.

Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H.A.C. & Piper, S.E. (2000) The relationship between local and regional diversity of indigenous forest fauna in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 9(5): 683-705.

Lawes, M.J., Piper, S.E. & Mealin, P.E. (2000) Patch occupancy and potential metapopulation dynamics of three forest mammals in fragmented Afromontane forest in South Africa. Conservation Biology 14(4): 1089-1099.

Downs, C.T., Wirminghaus, J.O. & Lawes, M. (2000) Anatomical and nutritional adaptations of the Speckled Mousebird (Colius striatus). Auk 117(3): 791-794.

Caton, J.M., Lawes, M. & Cunningham, C. (2000) Digestive strategy of the south-east African lesser bushbaby, Galago moholi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 127: 39-48.

Eeley H.A.C., Lawes, M.J. & Piper, S.E. (1999) The influence of climate change on the distribution of indigenous forest in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Biogeography 26: 595-617.

Kruger S.C., Lawes, M.J. & Maddock, A.H. (1999) Wild dog (Lycaon pictus) diet choice and capture success in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park (South Africa). Journal of Zoolology (London) 248(4): 543-551.

Lovegrove, B.G., Lawes, M.J. & Roxburgh, L. (1999) Confirmation of pleisiomorphic daily torpor in mammals: the round-eared elephant shrew Macroscelides proboscideus (Macroscelidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 169: 453-460.

Lawes, M.J., Everard, D. & Eeley, H.A.C. (1999) Developing environmental criteria and indicators for sustainable plantation management: the South African perspective. South African Journal of Science 95: 461-469.

Lawes, M.J. & Piper, S.E. (1998) There is less to binary maps than meets the eye: the use of species distribution data in the southern African sub-region. South African Journal of Science 94(5): 207-210.

Chapman, K.L., Lawes, M.J. & Macleod, M.C. (1998) Evaluation of non-lethal control methods on problematic Samango monkeys in the Cape Vidal Recreation Reserve, Greater St. Lucia Wetland park. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 28(3): 89-99.

Slotow, R., Lawes, M.J. & Goddard, K. (1997) Incubation patterns of southern African birds. Ostrich 67(2): 98.

Kruger, S. & Lawes, M.J. (1997) Edge effects at an induced forest-grassland boundary: forest birds in the Ongoye Forest Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. South African Journal of Zoology 32(3): 82-91.

Lawes M.J. & Kirkman, S. (1996) Egg variability, egg recognition, and rates of interspecific brood parasitism in red bishops Euplectes orix. Animal Behaviour 52: 553-563.

Swart, J. & Lawes, M.J. (1996) The effect of habitat patch connectivity on samango monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) metapopulation persistence. Ecological Modelling 93(1-3): 57-74.

Lawes, M.J. & du Plessis, M.A. (1996) Is there a role for behavioural ecology outside the northern hemisphere?: A report on the 6th International Behavioural Ecology Congress, Canberra, 1996. South African Journal of Science 93(2): 54-55.

Lawes, M.J. & Henzi, S.P. (1995) Intergroup encounters in blue monkeys: How territorial must a territorial species be? Animal Behaviour 49: 240-243.

Lawes, M.J. & Perrin, M.R. (1995) Risk sensitive foraging behaviour in round-eared elephant shrews. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 37: 31-37.

Slotow, R., Lawes, M.J. & Perrin, M.R. (1995) Female red-bishop incubation attentiveness. Ostrich 66: 142-145.

Appleton, C.C., Krecek, R.C., Verster, A., Bruorton, M.R. & Lawes, M.J. (1994) Gastro-intestinal parasites of the Samango monkey, Cercopithecus mitis, in Natal, South Africa. Journal of Medical Primatology 23: 52-55.

Lawes, M.J. & Nanni, R.F. (1993) The density, habitat use and social organization of the Dorcas Gazelles (Dorcas gazella) in Makhtesh Ramon, Negev Desert, Israel. Journal of Arid Environments 24: 177-196.

Ward, D., Olsvig-Whittaker, L. & Lawes, M. (1993) Vegetation-environment relationships in a Negev desert erosion cirque. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 83-94.

Swart, J., Lawes, M.J. & Perrin, M.R. (1993) A mathematical model to investigate the demographic viability of low density samango monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) populations in Natal, South Africa. Ecological Modelling 70(3-4): 289-303.

Lawes, M.J. (1992) Estimates of population density and correlates of the status of the samango monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) in Natal, South Africa. Biological Conservation 60(3): 197-210.

Lawes, M.J. & Piper, S.E. (1992) Activity patterns in free ranging samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus) at the southern range limit. Folia Primatologica 59: 186-202.

Lawes, M.J. (1991) Diet of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus) in the Cape Vidal dune forest, South Africa. Journal of Zoology (London) 224: 149-173.

Lawes, M.J., Henzi, S.P. & Perrin, M.R. (1990) Diet and feeding behaviour of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis). Folia Primatologica 54: 57-69.

Lawes, M.J. (1990) The distribution of the samango monkey (Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus Peters, 1852 and Cercopithecus mitis labiatus I. Geoffroy, 1843) and forest history in southern Africa. Journal of Biogeography 17: 669-680.

Henzi, S.P. & Lawes, M.J. (1988) Strategic responses of male samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) to a decline in the number of receptive females. International Journal of Primatology 9(5): 479-495.

Henzi, S.P. & Lawes, M.J. (1987) Breeding season influxes and the behaviour of adult male samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis albogularis). Folia Primatologica 48: 125-136.

Book chapters

Twinomugisha, D., C.A. Chapman, M.J. Lawes, C. O'Driscoll Worman, and L.M. Danish. (2006) How does the golden monkey of the Virungas cope in a fruit scarce environment? In: N.E. Newton-Fisher, H. Notman, J.D. Patterson, and V. Reynolds (eds.). Primates of Western Uganda. pp. 45-60. Springer, New York.

Eeley, H.A.C., Lawes, M.J. & Sikhitha, E. (2004) Sacred forests: a cultural refuge. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C.M. Shackleton & B.G.S. Geach (Eds.) pp. 250-253. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8. [information box in book]

Lawes, M.J., Midgley J.J. & Chapman, C.A. (2004) South Africa’s forests: the ecology and sustainable use of indigenous timber resources. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C.M. Shackleton & B.G.S. Geach (Eds.) pp. 31-75. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8.

Lawes, M.J., Obiri, J.A.F. & Eeley, H.A.C. (2004) The uses and value of indigenous forest resources in South Africa. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C.M. Shackleton & B.G.S. Geach (Eds.) pp. 227-273. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8.

Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H.A.C., Shackleton, C.M. & Geach, B.G.S. (2004) South Africa’s forests and woodlands: recurring themes in integrating policy, people and practice. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C. Shackleton & B. Geach (Eds.) pp. 815-831. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8.

Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H.A.C., Arendse, L. & Lewis, F. (2004) Principles, criteria, indicators and standards for sustainable forest management in South Africa. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C. Shackleton & B. Geach (Eds.) pp. 99-101. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8. [Information box in book]

Obiri, J.A.F. & Lawes, M.J. (2004) Community attitudes to forest management. In: Indigenous Forests and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. M.J. Lawes, H.A.C. Eeley, C.M. Shackleton & B.G.S. Geach (Eds.) pp. 257-259. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 896 p. Hardbound, ISBN 1-86914-050-8. [Information box in book]

Chapman, C.A., Lawes, M.J., Naughton-Treves, L. & Gillespie, T.R. (2003) Primate Survival in Community-Owned Forest Fragments: Are Metapopulation Models Useful Amidst Intensive Use? In: Primates in Fragments: Ecology and Conservation. L.K. Marsh (Ed.) pp. 63-78. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 428 p. Hardbound, ISBN 0-306-47696-7.

Lawes, M.J. (2002) The conservation of fragmented Cercopithecus mitis populations in South Africa: the role of reintroduction, corridors and metapopulation ecology. In: The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys. M.E. Glenn & M. Cords (Eds.) pp. 367-384. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 454 p. Hardbound, ISBN 0-306-47346-1.

Macleod, M.C., Ross, C. & Lawes, M.J. (2002) Costs and Benefits of Alternative Mating Strategies in Blue Monkey Males. In: The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys. M.E. Glenn & M. Cords (Eds.) pp. 199-212. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 454 p. Hardbound, ISBN 0-306-47346-1.

Lawes, M.J. & Everard, D.A. (2000) Criteria and indicators for sustainable plantation forestry management. In: Southern African Institute of Forestry Handbook, 4th Edition. D. Owen (Ed.) pp. 26-30. SAIF, Pretoria. ISBN 0-620-06439-0.

Lawes, M.J. & Everard, D.A. (2000) Biodiversity. In: Southern African Institute of Forestry Handbook, 4th Edition. D. Owen (Ed.) pp. 563-566. SAIF, Pretoria. ISBN 0-620-06439-0.

Lawes, M.J., Mander, M. & Cawe, S. (2000) The value and uses of natural forests. In: Southern African Institute of Forestry Handbook, 4th Edition. D. Owen (Ed.) pp. 613-624. SAIF, Pretoria. ISBN 0-620-06439-0.

Eeley, H.A.C. & Lawes, M.J. (1999) Large scale patterns of species richness and species range size in anthropoid primates. In: Primate Communities. J.G. Fleagle, C.H. Janson & K.E. Reed (Eds.) pp. 191-219. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hardbound, ISBN 0-521-62044-9; Paperback, ISBN 0-521-62967-5.